<p align="right">Last Update: <font color="#4f81bd">January 07, 2025</font></p> ## BIG IDEAS - The universe is [[Notes Vault/Physics Notes Vault/Astrophysics/Spacetime|spacetime]] and all of the ingredients within spacetime. - The universe is expanding due to [[Dark Matter|dark matter]] and [[Dark Energy|dark energy]].[^1] - The universe is isotropic.[^2] - Can be studied through [[Notes Vault/Physics Notes Vault/Kinematics/Kinematics|kinematics]] and [[Notes Vault/Physics Notes Vault/Dynamics/Dynamics|dynamics]]. --- Applying the [[Scientific laws|laws]] of physics to the study of [[The Universe|the universe]] is [[Astrophysics|astrophysics]] (astronomy). A field within astrophysics is [[Cosmology|cosmology]]. [[Astronomy]] is an ancient natural science. In current times, Astronomy and astrophysics are synonyms. In which Astrophysics is concerned with the properties and structure of cosmic objects. [[Cosmology]] is a field within astrophysics and seeks to understand the origin, structure, and evolution of the universe. ### Composition Dark Matter 26.8% Visible Matter 4.9% Dark Energy 68.3% ```mermaid pie title Composition of the Universe "Dark Matter" : 26.8 "Visible Matter" : 4.9 "Dark Energy" : 68.3 ``` ### Night Sky Moon, planets, [[Stars|stars]], [[Milky Way Galaxy|Milky Way]], Nebulae, Supernovas ### Expansion Model Knowledge of the expansion of the universe is based on the [[Module 4 Doppler Effect]], known as the red shift. [[Edwin Hubble|Hubble]] was able to determine that galaxies are moving away from each other. ### Age of Universe The age is estimated to be between 10-15 thousand million years old. This comes from the idea of red shifts, relative abundance of radioactive [[Isotopes|isotopes]], and calculations on the evolution of [[Stars|stars]]. ### Slide Deck <div style="position: relative; width: 100%; height: 0; padding-top: 56.2500%; padding-bottom: 0; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px 0 rgba(63,69,81,0.16); margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.9em; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 8px; will-change: transform;"> <iframe loading="lazy" style="position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0; border: none; padding: 0;margin: 0;" src="https://www.canva.com/design/DAGaEMS-evg/t3z1D_jPmWEkNuTWHkmdmA/view?embed" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" allow="fullscreen"> </iframe> </div> [^1]: [NASA's Webb, Hubble Telescopes Affirm Universe's Expansion Rate, Puzzle Persists](https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2024/news-2024-108) [^2]: Weinberg, S. (1993). _The first three minutes: A modern view of the origin of the universe_ (2nd ed.). Basic Books., p. 32 ### Related Topics --- [[Home|Home]] | [[The Universe]] | [[The Big Bang|The Big Bang Theory]] | [[Solar System]] | [[Galaxies]] | [[Star Clusters]] | [[Superclusters]] | [[Black Holes]]